http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/01/27/world/white-skin-arose-later-than-thought/#.Uus3s7TIdI0
According to the journal Nature
The cause (for becoming light-skinned), may have been a change in diet and lower vitamin D intake associated with this lifestyle change.
In the absence of natural vitamin D, the human skin can produce its
own in contact with the sun. Dark skins synthesize much less than fair
ones, creating an evolutionary incentive for change.
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